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CONTENTS 3DS MAX 8 REFERENCE GUIDE Introduction Welcome What’s New in 3ds Max 8 3dsMax Documentation Set AboutMAXScript 1 Getting Started with 3ds Max Getting Started with 3dsMax ProjectWorkflow Setting Up Your Scene Modeling Objects UsingMaterials Placing Lights and Cameras Animating Your Scene Rendering Your Scene The 3dsMaxWindow Special Controls Managing Files Importing,Merging, Replacing, and Externally Referencing Scenes Using the Asset Browser Startup Files and Defaults 3dsmax ini File Backing Up and Archiving Scenes Crash Recovery System 2 Viewing and Navigating 3D Space Viewing and Navigating 3D Space General Viewport Concepts Home Grid: Views Based on the World Coordinate Axes Understanding Views Setting Viewport Layout Controlling Viewport Rendering Controlling Display Performance Using Standard View Navigation Zooming, Panning, and Rotating Views UsingWalkthrough Navigation Navigating Camera and Light Views Adaptive Degradation Toggle Grab Viewport View-Handling Commands View-Handling Commands Undo View Change / Redo View Change Save Active View Restore Active View 3dsmax 8 3dmax 8 3dsmax 7 3dsmax 6 3dsmax 8 keygen 3dsmax 8 crack vray 3dsmax 8 3dsmax 8 tutorial free 3dsmax 8 vray for 3dsmax 8 3dsmax 8 serial 3dsmax 8 trial 3dsmax 8 vista 3dsmax 8 activation 3dsmax 8 plugins 3dsmax 8 tutorials in 3dsmax 8 3dsmax 8 & 9 3dsmax 8 & 1.50.r3.for.3dsmax.8 3dsmax 6-8 3dsmax 8-2009 for.3dsmax.8 r3.for.3dsmax.8 treestorm 3dsmax 8 Viewport Background Viewport Background Dialog Select Background Image Dialog Update Background Image Reset Background Transform Show Transform Gizmo Show Ghosting Show Key Times Shade Selected Show Dependencies Create Camera From View Add Default Lights to Scene Add Default Lights To Scene Dialog Redraw All Views Activate AllMaps Deactivate AllMaps Update During Spinner Drag ExpertMode Controlling Object Display Controlling Object Display Display Color Rollout Hide By Category Rollout iv Contents Hide Rollout Freeze Rollout Display Properties Rollout Link Display Rollout Object Display Culling Utility 3 Selecting Objects Selecting Objects Introducing Object Selection Basics of Selecting Objects Selecting by Region Using Select By Name Using Named Selection Sets Using Selection Filters Selecting with Track View Selecting with Schematic View Freezing and Unfreezing Objects Hiding and Unhiding Objects by Selection Hiding and Unhiding Objects by Category Isolate Selection Introduction to Sub-Object Selection Selection Commands Selection Commands Select Object Select By Name Button Select Objects Dialog Selection Floater Selection Region Flyout Rectangular Selection Region Circular Selection Region Fence Selection Region Lasso Selection Region Paint Selection Region Selection Filter List Filter Combinations Dialog Named Selection Sets Select All Select None Select Invert Select By Select By Color Select By Name (EditMenu) Region Select RegionWindow Select Region Crossing Window/Crossing Selection Toggle Named Selection Sets Dialog Edit Named Selections Dialog Edit Commands Edit Commands Undo/Redo Undo Redo Hold Fetch Delete Assemblies and Groups Using Groups Using Assemblies Group Commands Group Commands Group Open Group Close Group Ungroup Explode Group Detach Group Attach Group Assembly Commands Assembly Commands Assemble Create Assembly Dialog Open Assembly Close Assembly Disassemble Explode Assembly Detach Assembly Attach Assembly Assembly Head Helper Objects Assembly Head Helper Object Luminaire Helper Object 4 Object Properties Object Properties Object Properties Dialog Object Properties Dialog Object Properties Dialog Panels General Panel (Object Properties Dialog) Advanced Lighting Panel (Object Properties Dialog) mental ray Panel (Object Properties Dialog) User Defined Panel (Object Properties Dialog) Rename Objects Tool Custom Attributes Parameter Collector Parameter Collector Parameter CollectorMenu Bar Notes Dialog (Parameter Collector) Contents v Expression Techniques Expression Techniques Trigonometric Functions Vectors 5 Creating Geometry Creating Geometry Basics of Creating and Modifying Objects Basics of Creating andModifying Objects Using the Create Panel Identifying the Basic Building Blocks Creating an Object Assigning Colors to Objects Assigning Colors to Objects Object Color Dialog Color Selector Dialog Color Clipboard Utility Adjusting Normals and Smoothing Adjusting Normals and Smoothing Viewing and Changing Normals Viewing and Changing Smoothing Creating Geometric Primitives Geometric Primitives Creating Primitives from the Keyboard Standard Primitives Standard Primitives Box Primitive Cone Primitive Sphere Primitive GeoSphere Primitive Cylinder Primitive Tube Primitive Torus Primitive Pyramid Primitive Teapot Primitive Plane Primitive Extended Primitives Extended Primitives Hedra Extended Primitive Torus Knot Extended Primitive ChamferBox Extended Primitive ChamferCyl Extended Primitive OilTank Extended Primitive Capsule Extended Primitive Spindle Extended Primitive L-Ext Extended Primitive Gengon Extended Primitive C-Ext Extended Primitive RingWave Extended Primitive Prism Extended Primitive Hose Extended Primitive Creating Architectural Objects AEC Extended Objects AEC Extended Objects Working with AEC Design Elements Foliage Railing Wall EditingWall Objects Stairs Stairs L-Type Stair Spiral Stair Straight Stair U-Type Stair Doors Doors Pivot Door Sliding Door BiFold Door Windows Windows AwningWindow CasementWindow FixedWindow PivotedWindow ProjectedWindow SlidingWindow Creating Shapes Shapes Shape Check Utility Splines Splines and Extended Splines Line Spline Rectangle Spline Circle Spline Ellipse Spline Arc Spline Donut Spline NGon Spline Star Spline Text Spline Helix Spline Section Spline Extended Splines WRectangle Spline Channel Spline Angle Spline vi Contents Tee Spline Wide Flange Spline Editable Splines Editable Spline Editable Spline (Object) Editable Spline (Vertex) Editable Spline (Segment) Editable Spline (Spline) Creating Compound Objects Compound Objects Morph Compound Object Scatter Compound Object Conform Compound Object Connect Compound Object BlobMesh Compound Object ShapeMerge Compound Object Boolean Compound Object Boolean Compound Object Material Attach Options Dialog Terrain Compound Object Loft Compound Object Loft Compound Object CreationMethod Rollout Surface Parameters Rollout Path Parameters Rollout Skin Parameters Rollout Deformations Deform Scale Deform Twist Deform Teeter Deform Bevel Deform Fit Deformation Dialog Path Commands Shape Commands Compare Dialog Mesher Compound Object Creating Dynamics Objects Dynamics Objects Damper Dynamics Object Spring Dynamics Object Creating Systems Systems Bones System Bones System Using Objects as Bones Bone Tools Bone Tools Rollouts Bone Editing Tools Rollout Fin Adjustment Tools Rollout Object Properties Rollout (Bone Tools) Ring Array System Sunlight and Daylight Systems Sunlight and Daylight Systems Geographic Location Dialog 6 Transforms: Moving, Rotating, and Scaling Objects Moving, Rotating, and Scaling Objects Axis Tripod andWorld Axis Using Transforms Using Transforms Applying Transforms Moving and Rotating Objects Scaling Objects Using Transform Gizmos Transform Type-In Animating Transforms TransformManagers Specifying a Reference Coordinate System Choosing a Transform Center Using the Axis Constraints Reset Transform Utility Transform Commands Transform Commands Select andMove Select and Rotate Select and Scale Flyout Select and Uniform Scale Select and Non-Uniform Scale Select and Squash Transform Coordinates and Coordinate Center Transform Coordinates and Coordinate Center Reference Coordinate System Use Center Flyout Use Pivot Point Center Use Selection Center Use Transform Coordinate Center Transform Constraints Transform Constraints Restrict To X Restrict To Y Restrict To Z Restrict To Plane Flyout Restrict To XY Plane Restrict To YZ Plane Restrict To ZX Plane Contents vii Transform Tools Transform Tools Array Flyout Mirror Selected Objects Mirror Dialog Array Array Dialog Snapshot Snapshot Dialog Spacing Tool Clone and Align Tool Align Flyout Align Align Dialog Quick Align Normal Align Normal Align Dialog Place Highlight Align Camera Align to View Align to View Dialog 7 Creating Copies and Arrays Creating Copies and Arrays Overview of Copies, Instances, and References Cloning Objects Techniques for Cloning Objects Clone Clone Options Dialog Using SHIFT+Clone Cloning with SHIFT+Move Cloning with SHIFT+Rotate Cloning with SHIFT+Scale Animating SHIFT+Rotate and SHIFT+Scale Cloning Objects Over Time with Snapshot Arraying Objects Arraying Objects Using the Array Dialog Creating Linear Arrays Creating Circular and Spiral Arrays Mirroring Objects Using the Spacing Tool 8 Modifiers UsingModifiers Transforms,Modifiers, and Object Data Flow List of AvailableModifiers Basics of Using Modifiers Using theModify Panel Using theModifier Stack Editing the Stack EditModifiers and Editable Objects Modifying at the Sub-Object Level Using the Stack at the Sub-Object Level ModifyingMultiple Objects How InstancedModifiersWork World-Space Modifiers World-SpaceModifiers (WSMs) CameraMapModifier (World Space) DisplaceMeshModifier (World Space) Displace NURBSModifier (World Space) Hair and Fur Modifier (WSM) Hair Overview Hair and FurModifier Style Dialog (Hair) LS ColorsModifier (World Space) MapScalerModifier (World Space) PatchDeformModifier (World Space) PathDeformModifier (World Space) Point CacheModifier (World Space) SubdivideModifier (World Space) SurfaceMapperModifier (World Space) SurfDeformModifier (World Space) Object-Space Modifiers Object-SpaceModifiers Affect RegionModifier Attribute HolderModifier BendModifier BevelModifier Bevel ProfileModifier CameraMapModifier (Object Space) Cap HolesModifier Cloth and Garment Maker Modifiers Cloth Introduction Cloth Overview ClothModifier Object Properties Dialog (Cloth) GarmentMakerModifier Troubleshooting and Error Codes in Garment Maker CrossSectionModifier DeleteMeshModifier Delete PatchModifier Delete SplineModifier Disp ApproxModifier DisplaceModifier EditMeshModifier Edit NormalsModifier viii Contents Edit PatchModifier Edit Poly Modifier Edit PolyModifier Edit Poly (Object) Edit Poly (Vertex) Edit Poly (Edge) Edit Poly (Border) Edit Poly (Polygon/Element) Align Geometry Dialog Detach Dialog Edit SplineModifier ExtrudeModifier Face ExtrudeModifier FFD (Free-Form Deformation)Modifiers FFD (Box/Cylinder)Modifiers FFD (Free-Form Deformation) SelectModifier Fillet/ChamferModifier Flex Modifier FlexModifier Spring Option Dialog HSDS Modifier HSDSModifier Adaptive Subdivision Dialog LatheModifier LatticeModifier Linked XFormModifier LSMeshModifier MapScalerModifier (Object Space) MaterialModifier MaterialByElementModifier MeltModifier Mesh SelectModifier MeshSmoothModifier MirrorModifier MorpherModifier MultiResModifier NoiseModifier NormalModifier Normalize SplineModifier NSurf SelModifier OptimizeModifier Patch SelectModifier PatchDeformModifier PathDeformModifier Point CacheModifier Poly SelectModifier PreserveModifier Projection Modifier ProjectionModifier Selection Rollout (ProjectionModifier) Reference Geometry Rollout (Projection Modifier) Cage Rollout (ProjectionModifier) Selection Check Rollout (ProjectionModifier) Projection Rollout (ProjectionModifier) Project Mapping Rollout (ProjectionModifier) Projection HolderModifier PushModifier RelaxModifier Renderable SplineModifier RippleModifier Select By ChannelModifier ShellModifier SkewModifier Skin Modifier SkinModifier Load Envelopes Dialog (SkinModifier) Weight Tool Dialog Weight Table (SkinModifier) Painter Options Dialog SkinMorphModifier SkinWrapModifier SkinWrap PatchModifier SliceModifier SmoothModifier SpherifyModifier Spline IK ControlModifier Spline SelectModifier SqueezeModifier STL CheckModifier StretchModifier SubdivideModifier SubstituteModifier SurfaceModifier SurfDeformModifier Sweep Modifier SweepModifier Pick Shape Dialog Extract Shape Dialog Merge File (SweepModifier) SymmetryModifier TaperModifier TessellateModifier Trim/ExtendModifier TurboSmoothModifier Turn ToMeshModifier Turn To PatchModifier Turn To PolyModifier Contents ix TwistModifier Unwrap UVW Modifier Unwrap UVWModifier Edit UVWs Dialog Edit UVWs DialogMenu Bar UVW Editor Dialogs FlattenMapping Dialog NormalMapping Dialog Pack UVs Dialog PeltMap Parameters Dialog Relax Tool Dialog Render UVs Dialog Sketch Tool Dialog Stitch Tool Dialog UnfoldMapping Dialog Unwrap Options Dialog UVWMapModifier UVWMapping AddModifier UVWMapping ClearModifier UVWMapping PasteModifier UVW XFormModifier VertexWeldModifier VertexPaint Modifier VertexPaintModifier VertexPaint Paintbox Adjust Color Dialog (VertexPaintModifier) Color Palette (VertexPaintModifier) Volume SelectModifier WaveModifier XFormModifier 9 Surface Modeling SurfaceModeling Subdivision Surfaces Soft Selection Rollout Collapse Utility Editable Patches Editable Patch Surface Editable Patch (Object) Editable Patch (Vertex) Editable Patch (Handle) Editable Patch (Edge) Editable Patch (Patch) Editable Patch (Element) Patch Grids Patch Grids Quad Patch Tri Patch Meshes EditableMesh Surface Working withMesh Sub-Objects EditableMesh (Object) EditableMesh (Vertex) EditableMesh (Edge) EditableMesh (Face/Polygon/Element) Attach Options Dialog Cut and Slice Polymeshes Editable Poly Surface Editable Poly (Object) Editable Poly (Vertex) Editable Poly (Edge) Editable Poly (Border) Editable Poly (Polygon/Element) Paint Deformation Rollout Editable Poly Settings Dialogs Bevel Polygons Dialog Bridge Borders/Polygons Dialog Bridge Edges Dialog Chamfer Vertices/Edges/Borders Dialog Connect Edges Dialog Extrude Polygons Along Spline Dialog Extrude Polygons Dialog Extrude Vertices/Edges Dialog Hinge Polygons From Edge Dialog Inset Polygons Dialog MeshSmooth Selection Dialog PreserveMap Channels Dialog Relax Dialog Tessellate Selection Dialog Weld Vertices/Edges Dialog NURBS Introduction to NURBSModeling Working with NURBS Models NURBSModels: Objects and Sub-Objects Creating NURBSModels Working with NURBSModels Surface Trimming Modifying NURBS Models and Creating Sub-Objects QuadMenu for NURBS Objects Using the NURBS Toolbox to Create Sub-Objects Sub-Object Selection CV Sub-Objects and Point Sub-Objects Dependent Sub-Objects Rigid Surfaces NURBS andModifiers x Contents NURBS and Animation NURBS Concepts NURBS Tips and Techniques NURBS Tips and Techniques How toMake Objects with NURBSModeling How to Fix NURBS Objects How to Improve Performance Animation, Textures, and Rendering NURBS Surface Primitives NURBS Surfaces Point Surface CV Surface NURBS Curve Primitives NURBS Curves Point Curve CV Curve Creating NURBS Curve and Surface Objects Creating Independent Surfaces from NURBS Curve Objects Creating NURBS Curves from Splines Creating NURBS Surfaces from Geometric Primitives Nonrelational NURBS Surfaces Display Controls for NURBSModels Display Line Parameters for NURBS Surfaces Creating and Editing NURBS Sub-Objects Attaching and Importing 3dsMax Objects Common Sub-Object Controls Editing Point Sub-Objects Editing Curve CV Sub-Objects Editing Surface CV Sub-Objects Editing Curve Sub-Objects Editing Surface Sub-Objects Soft Selection Rollout (NURBS) Material Properties Rollout Creating Curve Sub-Objects Creating Curve Sub-Objects CV Curve Sub-Object Point Curve Sub-Object Curve Fit Transform Curve Blend Curve Offset Curve Mirror Curve Chamfer Curve Fillet Curve Surface-Surface Intersection Curve Surface Offset Curve U and V Iso Curves Normal Projected Curve Vector Projected Curve CV Curve on Surface Point Curve on Surface Surface Edge Curve Creating Surface Sub-Objects Creating Surface Sub-Objects CV Surface Sub-Object Point Surface Sub-Object Transform Surface Blend Surface Offset Surface Mirror Surface Extrude Surface Lathe Surface Ruled Surface Cap Surface U Loft Surface UV Loft Surface 1-Rail Sweep Surface 2-Rail Sweep Surface Multisided Blend Surface Multicurve Trimmed Surface Fillet Surface Creating and Editing Point Sub-Objects Creating and Editing Point Sub-Objects Point (NURBS) Offset Point Curve Point Surface Point Curve-Curve Intersection Point Surface-Curve Intersection Point NURBS Editing Dialogs Convert Curve Dialog Convert Curve on Surface Dialog Convert Surface Dialog CV Curve: Close Curve Dialog Detach Dialog (NURBS) Edit Curve on Surface Dialog Edit Texture Surface Dialog Join Curves Dialog Join Surfaces Dialog Make Loft Dialog Make Point Dialog Make Point Curve Dialog Point Curve: Close Curve Dialog Rebuild CV Curve Dialog Rebuild CV Surface Dialog Rebuild Texture Surface Dialog Contents xi Reparameterize Dialog Sub-Object Clone Options Dialog Select ByMaterial ID Dialog Curve and Surface Approximation Curve Approximation Surface Approximation Advanced Surface Approximation Dialog Surface Approximation Utility Surface Approximation Utility Surface Approximation Rollout Surface Display Rollout Tools for Low-Polygon Modeling Tools for Low-PolygonModeling Polygon Counter Utility Polygon Counter Dialog Level of Detail Utility Index